The stereoscopic set incorporates a camera, stereo viewer, and printing frame.
Stereoscopic camera allows to obtain three-dimensional pictures. Each stereoscopic picture consists of a pair of photographic images which inconsiderably differ from each other. When these photographic images are viewed through the stereo viewer they merge into a single three-dimensional image.
The printing frame is designed for contact printing of 6x13cm stereoscopic pictures and 6x6cm conventional pictures.
The speed lenses and convenient focusing device ensure superior quality of negatives.
The viewfinder of a reversal type gives a sufficiently large image and ensures quick framing.
The between-the-lens shutters provided for in the camera allow to choose speeds over a wide range. The camera comprises a self-timer with 7-12 sec. delay and a flash bulb synchronizer ensuring automatic flash at the moment of the shutter full opening.
1 - taking lenses 2 - shutter adjustment ring guide 3 - threaded socket for cable release 4 - release lever 5 - side walls 6 - cocking lever 7 - camera body 8 - take up spool fastening knob |
9 - viewfinder front frame 10 - nameplate 11 - lighthood walls 12 - viewfinder lens 13 - film rewinding knob 14 - flash bulb sync contact 15 - aperture adjusting lever 16 - selftimer lever |
The taking lenses are 75mm f/4.5 coated three-element anastigmats.
The optic viewfinder incorporates the viewfinder proper and is a ground glass representing a small circle in the middle of the field lens; a hinged magnifier is mounted above this circle. The viewfinder is provided with a metal lighthood which opens when lifting the top cover. Sequence of operations, when closing the viewfinder, is as follows: first close the magnifier, then the hood side walls, then the rear panel with a square window, and, at last, the hood front panel until it catches.
The viewing lens has an aperture ratio 1:2.8 which is considerably brighter than that of the taking lenses and, therefore, the viewing lens is more suitable when focusing for sharp image.
Image focusing on the ground circle and on the film takes place simultaneously, as the viewing lens and both front taking lenses are coupled through knurled mounts. The shortest distance for focusing is 1.3m. Taking pictures at closer distances can be accomplished when employing supplementary lenses.
Focusing is to be made on the ground glass circle center of the optical viewfinder lens. The image on the circle is viewed through the magnifier mounted on the hood front panel of the viewfinder with the eye kept closely to the magnifier. Focusing is most conveniently accomplished by slowly rotating the right lens knurled ring until the image in the circle center is the sharpest.
The magnifier is fixed from inside of the optical viewfinder cover. The magnifier is set to working position by pulling it from the hood panel and lifting it to the erect position.
The frame viewfinder is formed by the front frame and the lighthood rear panel. To make it ready for use it is necessary to press-in the cover with the name plate until it catches. To close the viewfinder, the lighthood rear panel should be slightly pulled up.
When focusing, the camera should be held at the eye level and the object should be looked at through a square window in the rear panel, keeping the camera at a distance at which the frame edges coincicde with those of the square opening in the front panel. In this case the borders of the field-of-view will be the borders of the shot.
The distance scale is engraved on the viewing lens mount. The scale divisions (in meters) indicate settings for various lens-to-object distances.
The between-the-lens shutters (coupled) provide automatic exposures of 1/100, 1/50, 1/10 sec. and B setting permitting to expose for any length of time. The shutter speeds are selected by turning the exposure setting ring guide of the right shutter until the index line on the ring edge coincides with the point indicating the desirable speed (intermediate positions of the index line do not correspont to mean values of shutter speeds).
Prior to exposing, the shutter should be cocked by turning the right shutter cocking lever downwards as far as it goes. The shutter release should be effected by smoothly depressing the release lever or cable release for which a threaded socket is provided. When set at "B" the shutter remains open as long as the release lever is being depressed.
The self-timer provided inside the right shutter is cocked by a special lever. To release the self-timer, proceed as follows: set the required shutter speed, cock the shutter, and the self-timer, then depress the shutter release. In 7-12 sec. delay the shutter release operates and the picture is taken.
The diapragms are placed inside the lens. They are employed to control the aperture. The change of the aperture setting is effected by turning the aperture control lever.
The lenses are stopped down when it is necessary to increase the depth-of-field or when the volume of light is too large for a selected shutter speed.
The diaphragm is f-numbered so that its closing or opening by one stop will require twice as much or twice as less the amount of light reaching the film. At f/5.6, then the exposure time should be twice as less as the exposure time required for taking pictures at f/8. When the exposure time for f/5.6 is known, but lighting conditions require f/16, then the exposure time is to be increased eight times, because the diaphragm has been closed by three stops. Depth-of-field valuse at various f-numbers and distance settings are given in the table.
Red dots are provided on the diaphragm scale between figures "8" and "11" and on the distance scale between figures "10" and "5". When setting the diaphragm against these dots, the image of objects arranged at a distance from 3m to infinity will be quite sharp on the negative.
Distance scale settings in meters |
Depth-of-Field, at aperture | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
f/4.5 | f/5.6 | f/8 | f/11 | f/16 | f/22 | |
inf | 18.0 - inf | 11.0 - inf | 8.5 - inf | 6.0 - inf | 4.5 - inf | 3.3 - inf |
10 | 7.0 - 20.0 | 6.0 - 30.0 | 5.0 - inf | 4.0 - inf | 3.3 - inf | 2.5 - inf |
5 | 3.9 - 7.0 | 3.7 - 9.0 | 3.4 - 12.0 | 2.9 - 17.0 | 2.5 - inf | 2.0 - inf |
3 | 2.8 - 3.7 | 2.6 - 3.9 | 2.3 - 4.5 | 2.2 - 6.0 | 1.8 - 11.0 | 1.7 - 30.0 |
2.5 | 2.2 - 2.9 | 2.1 - 3.1 | 1.9 - 3.5 | 1.8 - 4.0 | 1.6 - 5.0 | 1.4 - 8.0 |
2.0 | 1.8 - 2.3 | 1.7 - 2.6 | 1.6 - 2.8 | 1.4 - 3.5 | 1.2 - 4.0 | |
1.5 | 1.4 - 1.7 | 1.3 - 1.8 | 1.2 - 2.0 | 1.2 - 2.2 | 1.0 - 2.8 | |
1.3 | 1.2 - 1.5 | 1.1 - 1.6 | 1.1 - 1.7 | 1.0 - 1.9 | 0.9 - 2.2 |
The flash bulb contact is intended to synchronize a flash of the bulb with a moment of the shutter full opening.
When employing single-flash bulbs the shutter should be set for a speed of 1/10 sec. or "B", when employing multi-flash bulbs the shutter may be set for any speed. The flash bulb synchronizer operates automatically just after the shutter has been released.
1 - magnifier 2 - frame viewfinder back window 3 - viewfinder hood lock 4 - lock of camera side walls 5 - pressure plate |
6 - take-up spool 7 - light protective plate 8 - viewing window 9 - viewing window cover knob |
The camera may also serve for taking non-stereoscopic conventional pictures. In this case one of the lenses should be tightly closed by a cap. To achieve convenience in counting shots it is recommended to take pictures using the left lens. Count the shots beginning from figure "1".
To unload the camera, proceed as follows:
At simultaneous printing each stereoscopic pair should be cut; separate printing a stereoscopic pair of prints with correct arrangement of images is obtained without cutting.
For conventional examination the prints should be mounted at the same level on a cardboard of sixe 62x132 mm.
Simultaneous printing of the stereo pair is done as follows:
To make a stereoscopic pair of prints separately, proceed as follows:
Note: The left and right negatives are to exposed for equal length of time.
The stereo viewer is designed for viewing stereoscopic pictures on a transparent and
non-transparent base. For viewing stereoscopic pictures on the transparent base provision
is made in the stereo viewer frame for two square openings. The stereo viewer is put into the case in disassembled state. To assemble it, observe the following sequence of operations:
To dismantle the stereo viewer the same operation is repeated in reversed order.
|
To gain a stereoscopic effect, proceed as follows:
Keep the taking lenses clean, otherwise the picture quality may get worse.
Having breathed on the lens surface, wipe the taking lenses, stereo viewer lenses and the frame glass only from outside using a clean linen rag or cotton.
Do not unscrew the mounts and do not take the lenses apart.